Investigating how polyphenols reduce metabolic disease risk via gut mechanisms.

A diet rich in ultra-processed foods and refined carbohydrates, yet low in nutrients and fibre, is associated with an increased risk of chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests that increased postprandial glycaemia and intestinal permeability, which drive systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction, are key drivers underlying this link. Conversely, dietary components such as polyphenols and fibre can delay carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption in the gut while supporting gut health through maintaining tight junctions, regulating inflammation and oxidative stress, and modulating the gut microbiota. This project aims to determine if and how the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods alleviates postprandial hyperglycaemia and gut barrier dysfunction to reduce the risk of metabolic diseases.